The city of Petah Tikva (near Tel Aviv) is creating a DNA database of local dogs. At first this may seem like an exotic or advanced research project but the purpose of the DNA database is to have a way to check up which dog owners do not pick up after their dogs (via BBC).
The whole system requires the collecting of DNA samples from all local dogs. These must then be analysed and entered into a database. Then when a dog turd is found a sample must be taken analysed and checked against the database.
All this seems like a large investment to keep the city clean.
Poop Free Zone! by Daniel Greene (CC BY-NC-ND)